Title : Microalgal protein as a sustainable source of protein: Optimization of alkali extraction
Abstract:
In recent years, there has been a global increase in demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly sources of protein, especially those of plant origin. This trend is driven by both the growing need to feed an increasing population and efforts to minimize the environmental impact associated with the production of animal protein. Microalgae appear to be a promising alternative in this context, mainly due to their high protein content, rapid growth, and relatively undemanding cultivation conditions. Proteins obtained from microalgae often have a higher content of essential amino acids and a more favorable amino acid profile compared to commonly available plant proteins, which may improve their nutritional value. In some cases, they are also reported to be more digestible, which expands their potential uses in food, nutraceuticals, and animal feed. This work focuses on optimizing the alkaline extraction of proteins from microalgae biomass. In the experimental part, the effects of various factors, specifically pH, temperature, extraction time, and extraction method, on protein yield were systematically investigated. Based on individual experiments, optimal conditions were identified and subsequently combined into a single extraction protocol.
Some algae and cyanobacteria contain a metabolite called phycocyanin, which is a deep blue pigment. It is a protein complex used as a natural dye and antioxidant, and can also be used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This pigment is typically extracted at milder pH levels using other methods, as it is more susceptible to degradation, and therefore its extraction takes place before the actual alkaline extraction of proteins. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the processes of protein isolation from microalgae and confirm their significant application potential. The implementation of these findings into practice could support the wider use of microalgae biomass in industrial production and represent a significant step towards sustainable and safe protein production for future generations.
Key words: microalgae, alkaline extraction, proteins, sustainable protein source
