None-nutritional elements in chicken products: Associated health risk

Title : None-nutritional elements in chicken products: Associated health risk

Abstract:

Food is defined as “any processed, semi-processed or raw substance, which is intended for human consumption”. Chicken products such as gizzard are foods representing an important source of proteins and others nutrients for human nutrition. Although gizzard is good source of nutritional elements, it may be also representing of source of none-nutritional elements such as total aflatoxins, aflatoxin B₁, ochratoxin A and heavy metals (chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg)). These none-nutritional elements may result in several toxic effects such as carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic, and immunotoxic to consumer body. This study aims to evaluate none-nutritional elements in gizzard and to assess their risk on different consumers. A total number of 48 broiler gizzards were collected from six modern broiler farms. These gizzards were transported in cold conditions to the laboratory where none-nutritional elements were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mycotoxins and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry for heavy metals. Dietary exposure for each consumer to these elements as well as the associated risk were evaluated using a deterministic approach. AFT concentrations in gizzards ranged from 4.4±0.1 (Centre region) to 6.5±1.1 µg/kg (West region). Cadmium (32.5±0.0µg/kg), Cr (442.0±0.0µg/kg) and Hg concentrations in gizzard samples were higher in the Centre region. Globally, adults and elderly people were the most dietary exposed through gizzard consumption, with values ranging 0.002-0.02 µg/kg, bw/day for AFT; 0.001-0.003µg/kg, bw/day for AFB1 and 0.0008-0.002 µg/kg, bw/day for OTA in adults, and 0.006-0.2 µg/kg, bw/day; 0.0008-0.1 µg/kg, bw/day and 0.0001-0.01 µg/kg, bw/day for AFT, AFB₁ and OTA respectively in elderly people. The associated margin of exposure values were all above 10,000 showing an important consideration at the level of public health. Dietary exposure to heavy metals through the consumption of gizzard is increasing from children (0.0001 g/kg, bw/day) to elderly people (15.7g/kg, bw/day) and from weak consumers to big consumers.

Biography:

Tatfo Keutchatang Fabrice De Paul holds a PhD in Biochemistry, option Food Science and Nutrition obtained in 2023 at the University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon and is now working as an Agripreneur. As a young researcher and scientist, he acquired solid experience during his Master's and Thesis work in many areas such as surveys, poultry farming, biosafety measures, good poultry farming practices and the writing of articles and other scientific documents. This experience makes TATFO KEUTCHATANG a trustworthy, hard-working and dedicated person for any work or activity with a scientific scope aimed at advancing applied science in the nutrition, biochemistry and poultry sectors. His research interests are food chemistry, food analysis, food quality, analytical chemistry, food science and poultry farming.