Title : Development and assessment of micronutrient fortified rice for nutritional improvement and consumer acceptance
Abstract:
Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron and zinc deficiencies, remain a major public health concern in rice-consuming populations. To identify the most suitable rice variety for micronutrient fortification in Pakistan, three widely consumed varieties—Super Kernal, Kainat, and Basmati—were evaluated through triplicate analyses of proximate composition, mineral content, amylose content, and sensory attributes. Results showed that Super Kernal had the highest ash, moisture, protein, nitrogen, fiber, and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, P, Fe, and Mg), making it the most nutrient-dense variety. Kainat exhibited intermediate nutrient levels and contained the highest zinc concentration, while Basmati showed the highest fat content but generally lower mineral levels. Amylose content ranged up to 26.61 ± 0.82%, with Super Kernal recording the highest value, indicating potential benefits for glycemic control and digestive health. Sensory evaluation revealed that Super Kernal achieved the highest scores for texture, color, taste, and aroma, followed by Kainat, whereas Basmati received comparatively lower acceptability ratings. Overall, the findings identified Super Kernal as the most suitable rice variety for iron and multi-micronutrient fortification, Kainat as the preferred variety for zinc fortification, and Basmati as a balanced carbohydrate-rich option. All varieties met microbiological safety standards. These results support the use of Super Kernal and Kainat as priority candidates for rice fortification programs aimed at reducing micronutrient malnutrition.
